|    editor@medjpps.com

www.medjpps.com

Received date : 26-12-2022 Revised date : 09-01-2023 Accepted date : 12-01-2023 Published date : 31-03-2023

Mediterr J Pharm Pharm Sci 3 (1): 6-11, 2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7771322

Short Communication


Physicochemical analysis of Terminalia catappa (Almond) seed nuts grown in Benin City, Nigeria

Osaro Iyekowa, Justina E. Ukpebor and Emmanuel Ehigimetor


Abstract :

The need for natural medicine and nutrients from natural product sources cannot be overstressed. Plant parts like leaves, stems, roots, seeds, nut and flowers supply enormous minerals, phytochemicals and other bioactive constituents apart from the primary metabolites. Terminalia Catappa (T. catappa) is a combretaceous plant often found in tropical and subtropical regions. The plant has many uses as an ingredient of various drugs such as anti-oxidants, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and anti-diarrheal. Thus, the main objective of this study was to determine the proximate, mineral and physicochemical analysis of T. catappa seed nuts. The proximate composition was determined according to the previous standard methods and elemental analysis by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry and Flame Photometer. Proximate composition revealed a moisture content of 2.34%, ash 3.89%, fibre content of 8.50%, crude protein of 29.66%, fat of 21.98% and carbohydrate of 33.63%. Elemental analysis of the plant has indicated the presence of iron, zinc, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, copper and chromium in the aqueous extract. Physicochemical parameters of the plant revealed a specific gravity of 0.9182, viscosity of 33.62 mm2/s, refractive index of 1.4642, acid value of 0.102 mg KOH/g, saponification value of 151.28 mg KOH/g, iodine value 47.19 g I2/100 g and peroxide value 8.93 meq/kg. In conclusion, the findings from this study confirmed that almond nut oil has a long shelf life which may explain its applications in
pharmaceutical, non-pharmaceutical and personal care industries.

References

1. Akpakpan AE, Akpabio UG (2012) Evaluation of proximate composition, mineral element and anti-nutrient in almond (Terminalia catappa) seeds. Research Journal of Applied Sciences. 7 (9): 489-493. doi: 10.3923/rjasci. 2012.489.493
2. Aigbokhan EI (2014) Annotated checklist of vascular plants of Southern Nigeria- a quick reference guide to the vascular plants of southern Nigeria: a systematic approach. Uniben Press, Benin City. doi: 10.13140/RG. 2.1.1604.0808
3. Anand AV, Divya N, Kotti PP (2015) An updated review of Terminalia catappa. Pharmacognosy Reviews. 9 (18): 93-98. doi: 10.4103/0973-7847.162103
4. Khan AA, Kumar V, Singh BK, Singh R (2014) Evaluation of wound healing property of Terminalia catappa on excision wound models in Wistar rats. Drug Research (Stuttg). 64 (5): 225-228. doi: 10.1055/s-0033-1357203
5. Pandya NB, Tigari P, Dupadahalli K, Kamurthy H, Nadendla RR (2013) Antitumor and antioxidant status of Terminalia catappa against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in Swiss albino mice. Indian Journal of Pharmacology. 45 (5): 464-469. doi: 10.4103/0253-7613.117754
6. Divya N, Vijaya A (2014) Phytochemical investigation and in vitro anti-diabetic activity of Terminalia catappa leaves. International Journal of Phytopharmacy. 4 (5): 132-134. doi: 10.7439/ijpp.v4i5.111
7. Mininel FJ, Leonardo-Junior CS, Espanha LG, Resende FA, Varanda EA, Leite COF, Vilegas W, Dos Santos LC (2014) Characterization and quantification of compounds in the hydroalcoholic extract of the leaves from Terminalia catappa Linn. (Combretaceae) and their mutagenic activity. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 67-69. 2014: 676902. doi: 10.1155/2014/676902
8. Kotti PP, Anand AV (2014) Phytochemical analysis and in vitro antioxidant activity of Terminalia catappa. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2 (11): 1495-1498. doi: Nil.
9. Naitik P, Prakash T, Kotresha D, Rao NR (2012) Effect of Terminalia catappa on lipid profile in transplanted fibrosarcoma in rats. Indian Journal of Pharmacology. 44 (3): 390-392. doi: 10.4103/0253-7613.96345
10. Yeh CB, Yu YL, Lin, CW, Chiou HL, Hsieh MJ, Yang SF (2014) Terminalia catappa attenuates urokinase-type plasminogen activator expression through Erk pathways in hepatocellular carcinoma. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 14: 141. doi: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-141
11. Association of Official Analytical Chemists AOAC (2015) Official methods of analysis of the association of official analytical chemists, 5th Ed. Association of official analytical chemists, Virginia, USA. ISBN: 0-935584-42-0.
12. Atsu-Barku VY, Nyarko HD, Dordunu P (2012) Studies on the physicochemical characteristics, microbial load and storage stability of oil from Indian almond nut (Terminalia catappa). Food Science and Quality Management. 8: 9-17. Corpus ID: 73648051.
13. Monnet YT, Gbogouri A, Koffi, PKB, Kouamé LP (2012) Chemical characterization of seeds and seed oils from mature Terminalia catappa fruits harvested in Côte d’Ivoire. International Journal of Bioscience. 2: 110-124. Corpus ID: 86147763.
14. Siew NG, Ola L, Muhammad KS, Hussain N, Sulaiman R (2015) Physicochemical properties of Malaysian-grown tropical almond nuts (Terminalia catappa). Journal of Food Science and Technology. 52 (10): 6623-6630. doi: 10.1007/s13197-015-1737-z
15. Mandloi S, Mishra R, Varma R, Varughese B, Tripathi J (2013) A study on phytochemical and antifungal activity of leaf extracts of Terminalia cattapa. International Journal of Pharm and BioScience. 4: 1385-1393. Scorpus ID: 13835580.
16. Ogbeide OK, Eze OF, Akaeze DA, Akhigbe IU, Omoruyi U, Iyekowa O, Owolabi BJ (2021) Physico-chemical properties, chemical composition, biodiesel production and antibacterial potential of Terminalia catappa seed oil. ChemSearch Journal. 12 (2): 70-80. doi: Nil.
17. Aremu MO, Ibrahim H, Bamidele TO (2015) Physicochemical characteristics of the oils extracted from some Nigerian plant foods - A review. Chemical and Process Engineering Research. 32: 36-52. doi: Nil.

Citation :

Iyekowa et al. (2023) Physicochemical analysis of Terminalia catappa (Almond) seed nuts grown in Benin City, Nigeria. Mediterr J Pharm Pharm Sci. 3 (1): 6-11. [Article number: 98]. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7771322

Share :