Sedative-hypnotic effects of Datura Arborea Linn extract in experimental animals

Abstract :

Datura arborea Linn is a sacred plant known for over 3000 years to have been used for magical and curative purposes. It was shown to have a central nervous system depressant effect. The active substances identified were tropane alkaloids: atropine, scopolamine, and hyosine. Therefore, we aimed to find out whether the ethanol extract of Datura arborea Linn has sedative and hypnotic activity. The extract was subjected to a thiopental sodium-induced sleep test and diazepam was used as a standard drug. The plant possesses sedative-hypnotic qualities, the findings indicate that doses of 35 mg/kg (2.70.24 min), 70 mg/kg (3.80.19 min), and 140 mg/kg (4.30.20 min) decreased the control's (9.2 min) latency to fall asleep. In comparison to the control, the length of sleep was increased by 23.46 minutes for 35 mg/kg (99.002.99 min), 70 mg/kg (132.605.53 min), and 140 mg/kg (118.606.04 min), respectively. The present study established the acute toxicity of Datura arborea Linn to be less than 600 mg/kg in mice. This study indicated that the ethanol extract of Datura arborea Linn has a sedative-hypnotic activity in the diazepam-induced sleep test. It is safe to suggest that the extract acts via either β-receptor by causing hyperpolarization or a decrease in spike activity in the cell, leading to relaxation, but these effects were not blocked by β-antagonist or α2-receptor to decrease acetylcholine release, leading to relaxation of the smooth muscle.

References

1. Watson NF, Badr MS, Belenky G, Bliwise DL, Buxton OM, Buysse D, Dinges DF, Gangwisch J, Grander MA, Kushida C, Malhotra RK, Martin JL, Patel SR, Quan SF, Tasali E (2015) Joint consensus statement of the American academy of sleep medicine and sleep research society on the recommended amount of sleep for a healthy adult: methodology and discussion. Sleep. 38 (8): 1161-1183. doi: 10.5665/sleep.4886
2. Roane BM, Taylor DJ (2008) Adolescent insomnia as a risk factor for early adult depression and substance abuse. Sleep. 31 (10): 1351-1356. PMID: 18853932; PMCID: PMC2572740
3. Vgontzas AN, Liao D, Bixler EO, Chrousos GP, Vela-Bueno A (2009) Insomnia with objective short sleep duration is associated with a high risk for hypertension. Sleep. 32 (4): 491-497. doi: 10.1093/sleep/32.4.491
4. Chien KL, Chen PC, Hsu HC, Su TC, Sung FC, Chen MF, Lee YT (2010) Habitual sleep duration and insomnia and the risk of cardiovascular events and all-cause death: report from a community-based cohort. Sleep. 33 (2): 177-184. doi: 10.1093/sleep/33.2.177
5. Neckelmann D, Mykletun A, Dahl AA (2007) Chronic insomnia as a risk factor for developing anxiety and depression. Sleep. 30 (7): 873-880. doi: 10.1093/sleep/30.7.873
6. Sadabadi F, Darroudi S, Esmaily H, Asadi Z, Ferns GA, Mohammadpour AH, Nooriyan AH, Mobarhan MG, Moohebati M (2023) The importance of sleep patterns in the incidence of coronary heart disease: a 6-year prospective study in Mashhad, Iran. Scientific Reports. 13 (1): 2903. doi:10.1038/s41598-023-29451-w
7. Luyster FS, Jr. Strollo PJ, Zee PC, Walsh JK (2012) Sleep: a health imperative. Sleep. 35 (6): 727-734. doi: 10.5665/sleep.1846
8. Algradi AM, Liu Y, Yang B-Y, Kuang H-X (2021) Review on the genus Brugmansia: Traditional usage, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicity. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 279: 113910. doi: 10.1016/j.jep. 2021.113910
9. Stock AA, Lee S, Nahmod NG, Chang AM (2020) Effects of sleep extension on sleep duration, sleepiness, and blood pressure in college students. Sleep Health. 6 (1): 32-39. doi: 10.1016/j.sleh.2019.10.003
10. Al Khatib HK, Hall WL, Creedon A, Ooi E, Masri T, McGowan L, Harding SV, Darzi J, Pot GK (2018) Sleep extension is a feasible lifestyle intervention in free-living adults who are habitually short sleepers: a potential strategy for decreasing intake of free sugars? A randomized controlled pilot study. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 107 (1): 43-53. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqx030
11. Henst RHP, Pienaar PR, Roden LC, Rae DE (2019) The effects of sleep extension on cardiometabolic risk factors: A systematic review. Journal of Sleep Research. 28 (6): e12865. doi: 10.1111/jsr.12865
12. Pizinger TM, Aggarwal B, St-Onge MP (2018) Sleep Extension in short sleepers: an evaluation of feasibility and effectiveness for weight management and cardiometabolic disease prevention. Frontiers in Endocrinology (Lausanne). 9: 392. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00392
13. Benítez G, March-Salas M, Villa-Kamel A, Cháves-Jiménez U, Hernández J, Montes-Osuna N, Moreno-Chocano J, Carinanos P (2018) The genus Datura L. (Solanaceae) in Mexico and Spain - Ethnobotanical perspective at the interface of medical and illicit uses. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 219: 133-151. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.03.007
14. Hyoung-Geun K, lt, sup, gt, lt, sup, et al. (2020) Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Flavonoids from Brugmansia L. Flowers. Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology. 30 (2): 163-171. doi: 10.4014/jmb.1907.07058
15. De Feo V (2004) The ritual use of Brugmansia species in traditional Andean Medicine in Northern Peru. Economic Botany. 58: S221-s229. doi:10.1663/0013-0001(2004)58[S221:TRUOBS]2.0.CO;2
16. Bussmann RW, Paniagua Zambrana NY, Moya Huanca LA, Hart R (2016) Changing markets – Medicinal plants in the markets of La Paz and El Alto, Bolivia. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 193: 76-95. doi: 10.1016/j.jep. 2016.07.074
17. Sharma M, Dhaliwal I, Rana K, Delta AK, Kaushik P (2021) Phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology of datura species-a review. Antioxidants (Basel). 10 (8). 1291. doi: 10.3390/antiox10081291
18. Capasso A, De Feo V, De Simone F, Sorrentino L (1997) Activity-directed Isolation of Spasmolytic (anti-cholinergic) Alkaloids from Brugmansia arborea (L.) Lagerheim. Pharmaceutical Biology. 35 (1): 43-48. doi: 10.1076/phbi.35.1.43.13262
19. Mattioli L, Bracci A, Titomanlio F, Perfumi M, De Feo V (2012) Effects of Brugmansia arborea extract and its secondary metabolites on morphine tolerance and dependence in mice. Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 10. 2012: 741925. doi: 10.1155/2012/741925
20. Alves MN, Sartoratto A, Trigo JR (2007) Scopolamine in Brugmansia suaveolens (Solanaceae): defense, allocation, costs, and induced response. Journal of Chemical Ecology. 33 (2): 297-309. doi: 10.1007/s10886-006-9214-9
21. Kumar S, Gupta A, Saini RV, Kumar A, Dhar KL, Mahindroo N (2020) Immunomodulation-mediated anticancer activity of a novel compound from Brugmansia suaveolens leaves. Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry. 28 (12): 115552. doi: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115552
22. Woo KB, Funkhouser WK, Sullivan C, Alabaster O (1980) Analysis of the proliferation kinetics of Burkitt's lymphoma cells. Cell and Tissue Kinetics. 13 (6): 591-604. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.1980.tb00498.x
23. Lorke D (1983) A new approach to practical acute toxicity testing. Archives of Toxicology. 54 (4): 275-287. doi: 10.1007/BF01234480
24. Beretz A, Haag-Berrurier M, Anton R (1978) Choice of pharmacological methods for the study of Hawthorn activities, choix de methodes pharmacologiques pour l'etude des activites de l'aubepine. Plantes médicinales et phytothérapie. 12 (4): 305-314. doi: Nil.
25. Rakotonirina VS, Bum EN, Rakotonirina A, Bopelet M (2001) Sedative properties of the decoction of the rhizome of Cyperus articulatus. Fitoterapia. 72 (1): 22-29. doi: 10.1016/s0367-326x(00)00243-4
26. Rolland A, Fleurentin J, Lanhers MC, Younos C, Misslin R, Mortier F, Pelt JM (1991) Behavioural effects of the American traditional plant Eschscholzia californica: sedative and anxiolytic properties. Planta Medica. 57 (3): 212-216. doi: 10.1055/s-2006-960076
27. Fujimori H (1965) Potentiation of barbital hypnosis as an evaluation method for central nervous system depressants. Psychopharmacologia. 7 (5): 374-378. doi: 10.1007/BF00403761
28. Peddireddy MKR (2011) In vitro evaluation techniques for gastrointestinal motility. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research. 45 (2): 184-191. doi: Nil.
29. Dzenda T, Ayo JO, Adelaiye AB, Adaudi AO (2007) Mechanism of Action of Tephrosia vogelii Leaf Extract on Isolated Rabbit Jejunum. Journal of Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants. 13 (1): 71-82. doi:10.1300/J044v13n01_06
30. Gee KW, Brinton RE, Yamamura HI (1983) CL 218872 antagonism of diazepam induced loss of righting reflex: evidence for partial agonistic activity at the benzodiazepine receptor. Life Science. 32 (9): 1037-1040. doi: 10.1016/0024-3205(83)90936-0
31. Moniruzzaman M, Atikur Rahman M, Ferdous A (2015) Evaluation of Sedative and Hypnotic Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Scoparia dulcis Linn. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2015: 873954. doi: Nil.
32. Sobhanifar M-A, Rashidi R, Rajabian A, Forouzanfar F, Hasanpour M, Iranshahi M, Rahkshandeh H, Hosseini A (2023) The possible mechanism of Datura stramonium on pentobarbital-induced sleep in mice. The International Journal of Neuroscience. 33 (8): 879-887. doi: 10.1080/00207454.2021.1998045
33. Hinton T, Hanrahan JR, Johnston GAR (2017) Flavonoid actions on receptors for the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA. InTech. doi: 10.5772/67971
34. Magaji MG, Musa AM, Abdullahi MI, Ya'u J, Hussaini IM (2015) Isolation of bergenin from the root bark of Securinega virosa and evaluation of its potential sleep-promoting effect. Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine. 5 (6): 587-596. PMID: 26693416; PMCID: PMC4678504.

Citation :

Idris and Idris (2023) Sedative-hypnotic effects of Datura Arborea Linn extract in experimental animals. Mediterr J Pharm Pharm Sci. 3 (4): 54-60. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10288346